Loading dock authorization-remote control

ABSTRACT

A system and method for remotely controlling loading dock components is disclosed that includes a distribution center having at least one dock station for exchanging materials and a dock component configured to in at least two operational states. An actuator is included that is configured to change the operational state of the dock component in response to an activation signal. A mobile remote control is configured to generate the activation signal to cause the actuator to change the operational state of the dock component and at least one predefined non-activation zone is included such that changing of operational state of the dock component is inhibited when the mobile remote control is located within the at least one predefined non-activation zone.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of, and claims priority to,U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/939,862, filed Jul. 11, 2013, whichis a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser.No. 10/905,633, filed Jan. 13, 2005, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,497,761, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to distribution centers and,more particularly, to a system and method for remotely controllingdocking station doors of such facilities. A mobile remote control isconfigured to generate an activation signal that causes an actuator toenable actuation of the docking station doors and other associateddocking equipment only when the mobile remote control is located withina predetermined activation zone.

Numerous facets of commercial enterprises utilize distribution,processing, and manufacturing centers for a variety of purposes. Forexample, distribution centers are often used to receive, process, andre-ship packages and parcels. On the other hand, manufacturingenvironments require the delivery of consumable materials and theshipment of finished products and, as such, often include distributioncenters in close proximity to manufacturing facilities.

Regardless of the application, these distribution centers typicallyinclude at least one docking station configured to receive a trailer fordelivery and shipment. Another commonality of these distribution centersis that each docking station generally includes various components topermit and restrict access to and from the distribution via the dockingstation. For example, the doors are designed to lower the probability ofunauthorized entry to the distribution center via the docking station aswell as the potential for accidents resulting from an open dockingstation.

To this end, docking station component manufacturers have developeddocking station protocols that dictate that the components of a givendocking station remain in a given state until a trailer has beenpositioned at the docking station and verified as present and ready tobe serviced. However, while docking station component manufacturersencourage distribution centers to strictly implement such protocols,manufactures have little control over the actual use of the dockingstation components following installation. Furthermore, although adistribution center may mandate the suggested protocol for operation ofthe docking station components, in practice, operators may fail tofollow protocol.

Additionally, there is an ever increasing pressure to increase theefficiency of distribution, processing, and manufacturing centers. Inorder to expedite the receipt and departure of goods from adistribution, processing, or manufacturing center, docking stationoperators may inadvertently fail to follow operational protocol or maybe inclined to “shortcut” aspects of operational protocol. For example,during peak operation of a docking station, the departure of one trailermay be immediately followed by the arrival of another trailer. As such,an operator may be inclined to allow the docking station doors to remainin an open position while the first trailer leaves the docking stationand the second trailer arrives at the docking station. As such, thepotential for an incident is increased because of a deviation fromoperational protocol, which may desirably mandate that the doors beclosed before a trailer departs from a docking station and remain closeduntil a subsequent trailer is positioned at and/or secured with thedocking station and verified as such.

It would therefore be desirable to have a system and method forcontrolling the operation of docking station components so as to promoteadherence to operational protocol and lower the potential for incidents.Furthermore, it would be advantageous that such a system and methodincrease the operational efficiency of the docking station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a system and method for controllingdocking station doors that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.Specifically, a mobile remote control is configured to be associatedwith a docking station operator. The mobile remote control is configuredto generate an activation signal that causes an actuator to actuate thedocking station doors only when the mobile remote control is locatedwithin a pre-designated activation zone.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a loading dock remotecontrol system is disclosed that includes a facility having at least onedock station for exchanging materials and a dock component configured tooperate in at least two operational states. An actuator is included inthe loading dock remote control system that is configured to change theoperational state of the dock component in response to an activationsignal and a mobile remote control is configured to generate theactivation signal to cause the actuator to change the operational stateof the dock component. The loading dock remote control system alsoincludes at least one predefined non-activation zone wherein changingoperational states of the dock component is inhibited when the mobileremote control is located within the at least one predefinednon-activation zone.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of remotelycontrolling loading dock doors is disclosed that includes receiving atrailer at a docking station having a remotely controllable dockcomponent and enabling remote activation of the remotely controllabledock component. The method also includes disabling remote activation ofthe remotely controllable dock component if an operator is located otherthan in a pre-designated activation zone.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a loading dockcomponent remote control system is disclosed that includes a facilityhaving a plurality of trailer positions, each trailer position having adock thereat and a dock component positioned at each dock and configuredto be activated permit and restrict access to and from the distributioncenter from the dock. The loading dock component remote control systemalso includes an actuator configured to actuate the dock component and areceiver configured to cause the actuator to actuate the dock componentin response to an activation signal. Also, the loading dock componentremote control system includes a mobile remote control configured togenerate the activation signal and having an operable range about thereceiver and at least one predefined non-activation zone within theoperable range, wherein actuation of the dock component is disabled ifthe mobile remote control is located within the at least onenon-activation zone.

Various other features and advantages of the present invention will bemade apparent from the following detailed description and the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings illustrate one preferred embodiment presently contemplatedfor carrying out the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an exemplarydistribution/processing/manufacturing center incorporating the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a tractor/trailer and an associateddocking station of the distribution/processing/manufacturing centershown in FIG. 1 having a plurality of dock components.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a docking station having remotely controllablecomponents in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a fork truck including an interactive display in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention and configured for use withthe remotely controllable components of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a graphical user interface configured for operator control ofthe docking station of FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 is another graphical user interface configured for operatorcontrol of the docking station of FIG. 2.

FIG. 7 is a schematic overview of a workflow procedure compliance systemfor the docking station of FIG. 2.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the steps for mandating an approvedworkflow protocol for operation of the docking station of FIG. 2 withthe workflow procedure compliance system of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the detailed steps of operation ofthe docking station of FIG. 2 with the workflow procedure compliancesystem of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the steps for operating anefficiency tracking system to track operation of the docking station ofFIG. 2 with the workflow procedure compliance system of FIG. 7.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart continuing from FIG. 10 and illustrating thesteps for operating an efficiency tracking system to track operation ofthe docking station of FIG. 2 with the workflow procedure compliancesystem of FIG. 7.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of an efficiency tracking report as generatedaccording to the operation of efficiency tracking system of FIG. 11.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a system and method toremotely control the operation of docking station doors. A mobile remotecontrol is configured to be associated with a docking station operator.The mobile remote control is configured to generate a signal configuredto allow actuation and control of various docking station componentsonly when the mobile remote control is located within a predefinedactivation zone. Should the mobile remote control be located in apredefined non-activation zone, the docking station components may beinhibited from operation. The hardware and software that provides forthis functionality may also advantageously be used in conjunction withestablishing and requiring adherence to an operational protocol intendedto improve safety and efficiency of docking station operation.

An exemplary distribution/processing/manufacturing center 10 is shown inFIG. 1. That is, the exemplary center 10 may, for example, be configuredas a distribution center, a processing center, a manufacturing center,or any other center that includes docking stations. Optionally, thedistribution center 10 can include an enclosure 12 extending thereaboutto enclose the distribution center 10 and provide security. Theenclosure 12 can include an entrance gate 14 and an exit gate 16.Alternatively, it is understood that the optional enclosure 12 could beprovided with a single gate constructed to allow bi-directional passageof a plurality of tractor/trailers 18 therethrough for admittance anddeparture from the distribution center 10. A terminal checkpoint 20 mayalso be provided at the entrance gate 14 and the exit gate 16 and may beattended by facility personnel to verify arrival or departure oftractor/trailers 18.

Each tractor/trailer combination 18 includes a trailer 22 that isseparable from a tractor 24 connected thereto. These vehicles arecommonly referred to as semi-trucks and semi-trailers, respectively, andwill be discussed further below with respect to FIG. 2. However, it usunderstood that a tractor/trailer combination, as used herein, caninclude an integral unit, such as that known generally as straighttrucks. That is, the present invention is not limited to use by onlytractor/trailers, but may be used in any distribution-type center withany type of movable carrier including straight-trucks, vans, and thelike.

A facility 26, for example a facility that performs shipping/receiving,includes a plurality of docking stations 28 wherein each docking station28 is constructed to allow loading and unloading of materials thereat.The exemplary facility 26 includes a first group 30 of docking stations28 positioned proximate to a consumable staging area 32 to receive andstore materials delivered to the facility 26 to be consumed, or used, inmanufacturing or processing procedure and a second group 34 of dockingstations 28 that is positioned proximate to a product staging area 36and are constructed to allow the loading of product into trailers 22. Aprocessing area 38 is positioned between the consumable staging area 32and the product staging area 36 and has a plurality of passageways 40extending therebetween. As will be described, the facility 26 mayinclude a central processing center 41 to coordinate operations at thedocking stations 28. The central processing center 41 is illustrated asbeing integrated within the facility 26, however, it is contemplatedthat the central processing center 41 will not be limited by locationand may be located virtually anywhere. The central processing center 41may be operated by a manager or coordinator who reviews feedback fromcomponents and/or operators located at the docking stations 28. Theoperator, with the aid of the central processing center 41, may processthe feedback and directs/coordinates operations within the facility 26to ensure efficient operations and that proper workflow protocol isfollowed. Additionally or alternatively, the central processing center41 may include automated processing systems configured to receive thefeedback and automatically respond thereto. Furthermore, as will bedescribed, the central processing center 41, whether through automatedprocessing systems or operator direction, may be utilized togenerate/compile reports, alerts, and notices regarding operationswithin the facility 26.

Although exemplary, it should be understood that such a layout achievesefficient and separable material flow between consumable delivery andprocessed product. It is additionally understood that, although thefacility 26 has a plurality of docking stations 28, space and financiallimitations may limit the number and type of docking stations a facilitymay have. A facility having only one docking station can achievebenefits from the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, each docking station 28 is preferably equipped witha plurality of components that can include a dock leveler 42, arestraint system 48, a dock door 50, a traffic signal 52, a loud speaker54, trailer presence sensors 55, a camera 56, and the like. However,based on specific needs, one skilled in the art will understand not allneed be so equipped, but would still be encompassed in such a system.For example, some docking stations 28 may include extendable belt orroller loader conveyers.

As will be described in detail with respect to FIGS. 3-6, some or all ofthe components, for example, the dock door 50 is configured to beremotely actuated. As used herein, “dock door” is used to refer to adoor or other barriers or restraints to entrance or egress to and from adocking station. For example, “dock door” may include restraints orbarriers such as a Safe-T-Gate™ safety barrier or Dok-Guardian™ safetybarrier. Safe-T-Gate™ and Dok-Guardian™ are trademarks owned byRite-Hite® Corporation of Milwaukee, Wis. Rite-Hite® is a registeredtrademark of Rite-Hite® Corporation of Milwaukee, Wis. Furthermore, thecomponents of the docking station 28 may include non-electricallypowered components and/or may include electrically powered componentsthat are adapted to be activated or engaged remotely. The dock leveler42 is constructed to operatively engage a bed 58 of trailer 22 and allowthe passage of lift trucks, personnel, or the like into and out of thetrailer 22. The restraint system 48 is constructed to engage and securetrailer 22 to facility 26 proximate to docking station 28.

The restraint system 48 may include multiple means of restraint. Asshown, the restraint system 48 can include an ICC bar or Rear ImpactGuard (RIG) dependent restraint 60, a wheel lock 62, a wheel chocksystem 64, and a trailer stand system 66. It is recognized that anyparticular system may include any one or all of the specific componentsof the restraint system 48 or other similar systems of restraining thetrailer 22. When the trailer 22 is present at the docking station 28,the ICC bar restraint 60 engages an ICC bar 68 of the trailer 22 tosecure the trailer 22 against unauthorized removal from the dockingstation 28. Additionally, or alternatively, the wheel lock engages awheel 70 of the trailer 22 so as to preclude movement of the traileraway from the docking station 28. A wheel chock 64 could be used tosecure the wheel 70 of the trailer 22 against movement in a mannersimilar to the wheel lock 62. In one embodiment, the chock 64incorporates a sensor 65 configured to detect proper engagement with thewheel 70 of the trailer to provide feedback regarding proper engagement.Additionally, if the trailer 22 is removed from the tractor 24, atrailer stand 66 may be used that includes a trailer stand sensor 67.The trailer stand sensor 67 is configured to sense whether the trailerstand is properly engaged and supporting the trailer 22 and, as will bedescribed, is configured to send feedback regarding such. It isunderstood that the trailer restraint system 48 may include any or allof the aforementioned devices. Additionally, the trailer restraintsystem 48 may include other trailer restraining or warning systems.

As will be described in detail below, the signal lights 52, the speaker54, and the camera 56 together with the remaining components and mobileremote control system are configured to facilitate an approved workflowprocedure so as to enforce workflow protocol. Specifically, the camera56 is configured and positioned with sightlines 74 so as to acquireimages, both video and still, that can be reviewed to verify propertrailer engagement and restraint by the restraint system 48. Thespecific positioning shown is merely exemplary. Additionally, thespeaker 54 and signal lights 52 are configured to convey information tooperators exterior to the docking station 28. For example, the speaker54 may communicate audible alerts or reports regarding workflowprocedures and whether approved workflow protocol is being properlyfollowed. Additionally, the signal light 52 may be configured to beremotely controlled to communicate proper engagement/disengagement ofthe restraint system 48 to individuals exterior to the docking station28.

Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, a system for remote actuation of adocking station component is shown. For exemplary purposes, FIGS. 3 and4 will be described with respect to remote actuation of the dock door 50of FIG. 2. However, such description is for exemplary purposes only andit is contemplated that any docking station component may be controlledin a similar manner. Therefore, while FIGS. 3 and 4 describe a systemfor controlling the dock door, it is equally contemplated that thedescribed system may be utilized to control any component of the dockingstation or facility housing the docking station to enhance productivityand efficiency while reducing the potential for undesired incidents.

Within the docking station 28 are a plurality of zones including atleast one “activation zone” 76, one “non-activation zone” 78, and aplurality of optional “hot spots” 80 strategically positioned throughoutthe remaining area of the docking station 28, which also preferablyfunctions as an activation zone. That is, the “hot spots” 80 operate asactivation zones disposed within the remainder of the docking station,which operates as a non-activation zone 82. The zones define areas suchthat allow and restrain operation and/or control of a desired componentof the docking station 28. Again, for exemplary purposes, operation andcontrol of a dock door will be described. As such, the zones 76-82 willbe described as defining areas that serve to allow and restrain remoteopening and closing of a given dock door by a mobile remote control 84.

When the mobile remote control 84 is located within the activation zones76, 80, the dock door 50 functions as a remotely controllable door andmay be remotely actuated by transmitting an activation signal from themobile remote control to an actuator/receiver 86 configured to open thedock door 50. On the other hand, should the mobile remote control bemoved from a designated activation zone 76, 80 to a non-activation zone,78, 82, the dock door 50 is inhibited from operation.

It is contemplated that dock door actuation may be enabled or inhibitedbased on the location of the mobile remote control 84. Additionally, itis contemplated that dock door actuation may be enabled or inhibitedbased on the location of the operator assigned to operate the dockingstation 28. That is, it is contemplated that operators may be requiredto carry electronic identification at all times while operating thedocking station 28. Accordingly, the electronic identification may betracked to determine operator location with respect to the activationzones 76, 80 and non-activation zones 78, 82. Further, it iscontemplated that a combination of both location tracking techniques maybe utilized so that both the mobile remote control 84 and the operatorassigned to use the mobile remote control 84 must be located in anactivation zone 76, 80 in order to actuate the dock door 50.

As will be described, the system may be configured to restrict controlof the docking station components, for example the dock door 50, to aparticular authorized user, fork truck, or the like. For example, theactivation signal may be specific to a particular user identification, afork truck identification, and/or a floating hybrid of identifiers, suchas a class of operators or users. Accordingly, only an authorizedactivation signal will be accepted and allow remote component control.For example, a particular user or fork truck may be assigned to aparticular docking station and be permitted to control components of theparticular docking station, for example, the door. Additionally oralternatively, operation of a component may be restricted to a user orfork truck that originally initiated operation of the component.Specifically, for example, when a given user or fork truck opens aparticular dock door, only an activation signal from that given user orfork truck may be accepted to close the particular dock door.

Additionally, it is contemplated that the dock door 50 may be inhibitedor precluded from opening in a number of manners. Specifically, themobile remote control 84 may be configured to identify whether itspresent location is outside one of the activation zones 78, 82 and, ifso, operate to not generate an activation signal to actuate the dockdoor 50. In this case, once the mobile remote control 84 is returned toan activation zone 76, 80, the mobile remote control 84 will thengenerate an activation signal upon such prompting. Alternatively, themobile remote control 84 may be configured to generate an activationsignal regardless of locality. In this case, when the activation signalis received a determination is made to check the current location of themobile remote control 84. If the mobile remote control is located in anactivation zone 76, 80, the dock door adheres to the activation signaland activates. However, if the mobile remote control 84 is outside anactivation zone 76, 80, the activation signal is ignored and the door isprecluded/inhibited from opening until an activation signal that issubsequently determined to have been generated from within an activationzone 76, 80 is received.

It is contemplated that the activation zones 76, 80 and thenon-activation zones 78, 82 be strategically designated to facilitatemandating approved workflow procedures for optimal safety andefficiency. For example, it is contemplated that a non-activation zone78 be designated so as to preclude actuation of the dock door 50 whenthe mobile remote control 84 is located in proximity to the dock leveler46. In this regard, an operator is precluded from being positioned tooclosely to the either the leveler 46 or the dock door 50 duringactuation of the dock door 50. It is also contemplated that while theoperator is precluded from actuation while in close proximity to thedock leveler 46 and dock door 50, the operator is also precluded fromactuating the dock door 50 when the mobile remote control 84 is locatedtoo far from the dock door 50. Specifically, although it is contemplatedthat the activation signal generated by the mobile remote control 84 maybe of sufficient strength to reach the actuator/receiver 86, actuationof the dock door 50 is precluded when in a non-activation zone 82spanning the remainder of the docking station 28. Accordingly, theoperator is precluded from actuating the dock door 50 when at a distancetoo great for visual verification, as required under approved workflowprotocol. By requiring the operator to be within a given proximity ofthe dock door 50 before actuation, the operator can visually verifysafety conditions surrounding the dock door 50 prior to actuation.

As will be further described, the system can be advantageously used in avariety of ways to allow/prevent a user, fork truck, and/or class ofusers, from performing a loading or unloading operation until the stepsof the protocol have been satisfied. It is contemplated that the systemcan be utilized with both electrically powered components and/ornon-electrically powered components. For example, some components may beactivated and/or actuated by electrical power. Furthermore, somecomponents may include sensors configured to operate with a poweredinterlock but be manually actuated once the power interlock isdisengaged. It is contemplated that any given facility may includevirtually any combination of electrically powered components and/ornon-electrically powered components. That is, the described systems andtechniques may be configured to operate with any combination ofelectrically powered component as well as non-electrically poweredcomponents.

In the case of non-electrically powered components, once the presence ofa particular user or fork truck has been identified, the system may beadapted to send feedback to a centralized processing center to alert asupervisor or manager. In response to the feedback, the supervisor ormanager may transmit instructions to guide a dock worker through theapproved workflow protocol. Such transmission could be a step-by-steptransmission of the protocol or a batch transmission of all of thesteps. Further, the transmission could be automated, as opposed tosupervisor or manager-initiated. As such, should the dock worker strayfrom the approved workflow protocol or delays in performing the steps ofthe approved workflow protocol, an alert or warning may sound. As willbe described, this alert or warning may be transmitted to the dockworker or back to the supervisor, manager, or central processing centerand/or be recorded for later review.

As a further example, in the case of electrically powered components, aspreviously described, the components may be configured to only respondto signals from a given remote control. Again, the remote control may becarried by the operator, integrated in a fork truck, or located at adesignated position in the facility. In any case, the remote control orcontrol box may be configured to operate according to the approvedworkflow protocol and only respond to authorized users or classes ofusers.

The activation zones 76, 80 and non-activation zones 78, 82 are definedand controlled by way of a boundary 87 to facilitate monitoring. Theboundary can be controlled by an inductor coil boundary monitoringsystem, an infrared (IR) sensor boundary monitoring system, a laserboundary monitoring system, a radar boundary monitoring system, or anyother type of boundary-monitoring system. As an example, duringconstruction of the docking station 28, an inductor coil may be disposedwithin the floor of the docking station 28 so as to form a perimeterthat, when energized, is electrically detectable. Accordingly, themobile remote control 84 can determine position by tracking localitywith respect to the induction coil. Alternatively, or to facilitateretrofitting of the present invention to existing docking stations 28,an infrared sensor monitored boundary, a laser monitored boundary, aradio frequency (RF) sensor monitored boundary, a global positioningsystem (GPS) monitored boundary, or a radar monitored boundary may beutilized to provide sufficient zone and boundary definition.

As shown in FIG. 4, the mobile remote control 84 may be configured to bemounted to or in a vehicle intended to facilitate exchanging materials.For example, a fork truck or forklift 88 or other similar vehicle thatis designed to facilitate loading and unloading of trailers or to conveypersonnel through the facility. Alternatively, it may be a personalwearable device (PWD) that is specific to each worker, versus specificto a device. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the mobile remotecontrol 84 is mounted to the fork truck 88 in a manner so as to bereadily available to the operator, but not interfere with operation orvisibility while operating the fork truck. As illustrated in FIG. 4, themobile remote control 84 may be a small computer that includes a touchscreen configured to display information regarding workflow protocol andreceive feedback from the operator. As previously suggested, the mobileremote control 84 may be an autonomous unit so as to be portably carriedby an individual operator. For example, it is contemplated that themobile remote control may be similar to a personal digital assistant(PDA), PWD, or laptop computer system.

In any case, as will be described with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6, themobile remote control 84 may be configured to actuate the dock door 50remotely, but also provide additional functionality such as to provide abroad spectrum of information to the operator. However, referring toFIG. 3, should the mobile remote control 84 be streamlined such thatonly actuation of the dock door 50 door is supported, it is contemplatedthat additional lights 88, a display 90, and a speaker 92 may beincluded to communicate information to operators of the docking station28.

Referring now to FIG. 5, a graphical user interface (GUI) 100 is shown.The GUI 100 is designed to be displayed on the mobile remote control 84of FIG. 4. The GUI 100 includes a plurality of sections designed toreceive and communicate a variety of information to and from anoperator. Specifically, the GUI 100 includes a login section 102configured to receive identifying information from an operator. Asshown, the login section 102 includes a login entry dialog box 104, apassword entry dialog box 106, and a keypad 108 for entering a usernameand password. Additionally or alternatively, a “swipe” or pass-card pad110 can be included whereby the operator can use an electronicidentification card (not shown) to “login” by passing the electronicidentification card in close proximity to the reader 110. The mobileremote control 84 electronically detects the unique electronicidentifier of the electronic identification card and logs the operatorinto the mobile remote control.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, entry of a login andpassword or electronic identification of the operator via electronicidentification card or swipe card is required to use the mobile remotecontrol. By requiring a login and password the mobile remote control cantailor the activation signal generated to actuate the dock door remotelyto the specific operator. Additionally, once an operator is logged in,the component monitoring system, as will be described, can track thatoperator and configure that mobile remote control to operate only oneparticular dock door designated to that operator. As such, the systemcan be configured such that only one mobile remote control is enabled toactuate a given dock door and further require the operator to logoutbefore another operator can actuate a given dock door.

The GUI 100 also includes a display section 112 configured to displayalerts, reports, and other information to the operator. As shown, thedisplay section 112 can convey information to the operator regardingworkflow and the present position of the operator to ensure approvedworkflow protocol. For example, the display section 112 may inform theoperator that trailer presence has been sensed at the assigned dockingstation 114, the trailer restraint has engaged the trailer 116, andprompt the operator to activate the camera 117 disposed at the dockingstation to visually confirm proper engagement of the trailer restraint.Additionally, should the truck/trailer include an air ride suspension,it is contemplated that the operator may receive a notification that ithas been dumped before trailer restraint is initiated by the system oran operator. Accordingly, the notification that a trailer is present anddumping has been completed will serve to indicate to the operator toinitiate trailer restraint. Further still, should the truck/trailerinclude adjustable tandems/bogies, the operator may receive anindication that the adjustable tandems/bogies have been positioned atthe fully-rearward position.

As shown, the GUI may receive input from the operator that changes thedisplay section 112 to show the images 118, still or video, gathered bythe camera 56 of FIG. 2 and then, once the images are displayed theoperator may provide feedback by pressing a restraint verificationbutton 119 to indicate that the operator has visually verified properrestraint of the trailer against movement away from the docking station.The operator cannot provide visual verification feedback until thedisplay section 112 is switched to display the camera images of thetrailer restraint system. While this feature is illustrated by a dashedrestraint verification button 119, the button might be grayed-out,colored, shaded, or flashing until pressed.

It is contemplated that the system may be configured to bypass use ofthe trailer restraint system if deemed necessary and if within theapproved workflow protocol. That is, should a trailer arrive that isincompatible with a particular trailer restraint, for example an ICC barrestraint, the operator may be able to indicate such and allow analternative restraint mechanism, such as a chock, to be utilized. Insuch a case, the operator may indicate that a particular restraint couldnot be properly engaged. The operator may then, if compatible with theapproved workflow, override the fault condition or indicate that analternative restraint was utilized.

Additionally, the GUI 100 includes an efficiency spectrum display 120.As will be described, an efficiency tracking system is included thatperiodically, or in real-time, reviews feedback indicative of thecurrent efficiency of the operator in completing the designated workflowprotocol. The efficiency tracking system then synthesizes this feedbackand transmits a status indicator to the mobile remote control to displaythe efficiency of the operator on the efficiency spectrum 120. Inaccordance with one embodiment, the efficiency spectrum 120 includes aplurality of indicators that are labeled to range from “too slow” 122 to“too fast” 124. The “too slow” indicator 122 is designed to indicatewhen the operator is performing within the workflow protocol below aproficient level and the “too fast” indicator 124 is designed toindicate when the operator is performing within the workflow protocol ata level which is outside the prescribed bounds as determined for safetyand proficiency. Located between the “too slow” indicator 122 and the“too fast” indicator 124 is an “ideal” indicator 126. Accordingly, theoperator is provided with feedback regarding the operator's ownefficiency within the workflow protocol.

Additionally, it is contemplated that the operator may be permitted tosuspend the workflow under some conditions. For example, should theoperator identify a damaged good or pallet, the operator may indicatesuch through the GUI 100 and suspend timing until the condition isrectified. Accordingly, the frequency and/or duration of suspensions andcorresponding causes may be recorded or tracked.

Once the operator has visually confirmed that the trailer is present andthe restraint systems 48, of FIG. 2, are properly engaged with thetrailer by pressing the restraint verification button 119, the dockdoors are enabled. That is, until visual verification is received andstored, a lock-out precludes actuation of the dock door. Once the dockdoor is opened, or at some other time in the operational protocol, thesystem may be configured to monitor the frequency and duration betweentraversals of the fork truck or operator to and from the trailer.Furthermore, should a traversal or attempted traversal be detectedprematurely within the approved workflow protocol, an alarm or alert maybe indicated. This alarm or alert may be transmitted directly to theoperator, to the docking station, and/or to the supervisor in thecentral processing center. Accordingly, such premature traversals thatdeviate from the approved workflow protocol may be recorded andreported. Accordingly, operators are restricted from performingloading/unloading until all pre-loading/unloading steps of the approvedworkflow process are complete. For example, leveler activation and/orthe telescoping conveyor extension may be precluded until trailer jackengagement and confirmation is complete.

Referring to FIG. 6, another mobile remote control GUI 130 is shownfollowing operator confirmation of proper trailer restraint. Once theoperator has visually verified that the trailer is properly restrainedby the trailer restraint system, the display section 112 switches backfrom the camera view to alert the operator that the visual confirmationwas properly received and stored 127 and the doors are now active 128.Accordingly, the GUI now includes an actuation button 131 configured tocause the mobile remote control to generate an activation signal toactuate the doors upon operator initiation. Again, as previouslydescribed with respect to FIG. 3, the mobile remote control must belocated in an activation zone 76, 80 for action to be uninhibited.However, as long as the mobile remote control is not located in anon-activation zone 78, 82 the activation signal is allowed to begenerated by the mobile remote control, or is not blocked at the door,and the actuator/receiver 86 is allowed to open or close the dock door50 in response.

While the aforementioned description sets forth real-time efficiencyfeedback, the system also includes stored and comparative feedback. Thatis, as will be described with respect to FIG. 12, the system cancommunicate a wide range of real-time and composite feedback that may besent to an operator or other users.

Referring now to FIG. 7, a schematic overview of a workflow procedurecompliance system 132 is shown. The workflow procedure compliance system132 includes many of the systems previously described with respect toFIGS. 1-6, which operate as sub-systems of the workflow procedurecompliance system 132. For example, workflow procedure compliance system132 includes the trailer presence sensors 55, wheel restraint system 62,trailer stand system 66, smart chock system 64, ICC bar restraint system60, visual verification input 119, camera 56, login/pass-card input104-110, remote control location monitor 87, and actuator/receiver 86,as previously described with respect to FIGS. 2 and 5. As indicated bythe directional arrows, these systems serve as inputs for the varioussub-systems of the workflow procedure compliance system 132.

Specifically, the trailer presence sensors 55 serve as an input to atrailer presence sub-system 133 that is configured to monitor thefeedback from the trailer presence sensors 55 to determine when atrailer is present at a particular docking station. Once the presence ofthe trailer is detected, the trailer presence sub-system 133 sends analert to an alert/report sub-system 134 and a timer sub-system 136. Aswill be described, the alert/report sub-system 134 and the timersub-system 136 are configured to send/record an alert that iscommunicated to either a docking station operator or docking stationmanager to indicate that a trailer has arrived at a given dockingstation and initiate a counter, or record a time stamp, to determine aduration for response to the alert, respectively. The alert/reportsub-system 134 may be configured to track and indicate a variety ofconditions. For example, dumping of air-ride suspension, positioning ofthe tandem/bogey, and the like may be tracked/recorded by thealert/report sub-system 134.

Upon completion of the communication of these alerts, the trailerpresence sub-system 133 passes control of the workflow procedurecompliance system 132 to the trailer restraint sub-system 138. Thetrailer restraint sub-system 138 receives feedback from the wheelrestraint sub-system 62, trailer stand sub-system 66, smart chocksub-system 64, and ICC bar restraint sub-system 60 to determine when thetrailer present at a given docking station is properly restrainedagainst removal therefrom in compliance with approved protocol. Uponsuch determination, the trailer restraint sub-system 138 then sendsalerts to the timer sub-system 136 to set another counter, or timestamp, and the alert/report sub-system 134 to send notification ofproper restraint and passes control of the workflow procedure compliancesystem 132 to a visual confirmation system 140.

The visual confirmation sub-system 140 receives feedback from thecamera, either as still images or video, and transmits the images to themobile remote control 84 and/or to a centralized processing center forsupervisor or dock manager review and storage. As previously describedwith respect to FIGS. 5 and 6, the images are displayed on a GUI tofacilitate verification of proper trailer restraint which is indicatedthrough visual verification input 119. Similarly to the trailer presencesub-system 133 and the trailer restraint sub-system 138, once the visualconfirmation system receives feedback indicating operator verificationof trailer restraint from the visual verification input 119, an alert issent to the timer sub-system 136 and the alert/report sub-system 134 andcontrol of the workflow procedure compliance system 132 passes to aremote control door sub-system 142.

As described with respect to FIGS. 2-7, the remote control doorsub-system 142 of FIG. 7 receives feedback from the login/pass-cardinput 104-110, remote control location monitor 87, and actuator/receiver86. The feedback is utilized to determine the particular activationsignal necessary to actuate the dock doors 50, the location of themobile remote control and when to activate the actuator/receiver 86.Once remote door actuation of the dock doors 50 is complete, an alert issent to the timer sub-system 136 and the alert/report sub-system 134 andcontrol of the workflow procedure compliance system 132 passes to aleveler sub-system 144.

The leveler sub-system 144 operates similarly to the remote control doorsub-system 142 since it receives feedback from the mobile remote controlposition monitor 87 and determines whether the mobile remote control islocated within a proximity of the dock leveler 46 such that levelingshould be enabled. However, once the leveler sub-system 144 determinesthat the mobile remote control is not located on or is in too close of aproximity to the dock leveler 46, the dock leveler 46 is enabled andremote activation of the dock leveler 46 is permitted.

As stated, the workflow procedure compliance system 132 mayadvantageously include a timer sub-system configured to receive alertsfrom each of the other systems 132-144 such that each step of theworkflow procedure is timed. All timing information is then stored in adatabase/storage medium 148 that can be accessed by the alert/reportsystem 134 to provide a wide variety of feedback, alerts, and reports todocking station operators and managers. Specifically, the alert/reportsub-system 134 is configured to operate the signal lights 52, 88,provide auditory alerts to the speakers 54, 92, provide information tothe efficiency tracking sub-system 120, and provide information to thedisplays 84, 90, as described with respect to FIGS. 2-4.

The alert/report sub-system 134, FIG. 7, is also configured to generatea wide variety of reports and printouts 150. For example, it iscontemplated that the reports may include real-time display of currentdistribution center, dock, and operator efficiency, periodic efficiencyinformation, and composite distribution center, dock, and operatorefficiency information. Further, the reports may include a comparison ofa particular user's performance and/or efficiency to another user'sperformance and/or efficiency. Furthermore, the reports may include acomparison of a particular user's current performance and/or efficiencyto that user's previous performance and/or efficiency.

Referring to FIG. 8, the steps of a technique 152 for mandating workflowprotocol is shown. The technique 152 is controlled by the workflowprocedure compliance system 132, as described with respect to FIG. 7.The workflow protocol shown, however, is only for exemplary purposes andother workflows are contemplated and fall within the scope of theclaimed invention. The steps of the technique 152 are controlled by theworkflow procedure system 132 of FIG. 7 so that a first step of thetechnique 152 must be completed and the system be in a satisfactoryoperational state in compliance with approved workflow protocol before asecond, or subsequent, step may initiate. That is, the workflowprocedure system 132 of FIG. 7 controls the specific order of the stepsthrough the docking station components and precludes subsequent stepsfrom initiating until prior steps have reached an operational statecompliant with approved workflow protocol.

The technique starts 154 when a trailer is identified as present at aspecific docking station. Again, if applicable, the system may initiate,identify, and/or track dumping of an air-ride suspension. Next, one or acombination of restraint components may be utilized to restrain thetrailer. For example, shipping yard workers or a trailer operator mayengage a smart chock system and/or a smart wheel lock 156. Specifically,as described with respect to FIG. 2, a smart chock system may be engagedwhereby a sensor disposed within the shipping yard or within the smartchock detects proper engagement with the trailer wheels and providesremote feedback of such. Additionally or alternatively, a smart wheellock may be engaged with the trailer wheels to secure the traileragainst movement and also provide feedback regarding proper andcontinual engagement. Furthermore, the trailer may be additionally oralternatively engaged by an ICC bar restraint to secure the traileragainst removal from the docking station 158. Similarly, a trailer jackmay or may not be engaged. It is noted that, in practice, the facilitywill typically only utilize one of the wide variety of restraints withor without a trailer jack.

Once all trailer restraints are properly engaged, as indicated by sensorfeedback 156-158, a camera is activated 160 that is configured with aviewing range so as to provide images of the trailer restraint systems156-158. Once the camera is active 160, a signal is either sent to adocking station manager to review the images or to the mobile remotecontrol for docking station operator review 162. In either case, theimages are displayed to enable a reviewer to provide visual confirmationof air-ride suspension dumping, rearward positioning of tandems/bogeys,proper jack placement, and/or proper trailer restraint 164. If visualconfirmation is not received in a timely manner 166, subsequent signalsare sent to the reviewer 162. Once visual confirmation is received 168,the images are saved along with reviewer identification information 170to create a record of adherence to proper workflow protocol.

Following proper trailer restraint and confirmation thereof 156-170, theremotely controllable docking station door is enabled 172. This allowsthe remotely controllable docking station door to be remotely actuatedvia the mobile remote control 174. Following actuation of the remotelycontrollable docking station door 174, the docking station levelerand/or conveyer system is activated 176 and loading or unloading maycommence 178, thereby ending this portion of the workflow protocol 180.That is, as previously described, it is contemplated that the workflowprotocol and tracking thereof may continue by tracking theloading/unloading and undocking process. For example, operatortraversals to and from the trailer may be monitored.

Referring to FIGS. 9-11, flow charts illustrating techniques forreceiving feedback from a plurality of docking station components areshown. The techniques illustrate the steps for processing the feedbackreceived from the components to determine an operational state of eachcomponent. As will be described, by determining the operational state ofeach component, changes in the operational state of a given componentcan be controlled to mandate an approved operational workflow.Furthermore, by tracking changes in the operational states of theplurality of components, the operational efficiency of the operationalworkflow can be tracked.

Referring now to FIG. 9, the steps of a technique 182 for user operationof docking stations in accordance with approved workflow protocol isshown in detail. The technique starts 184 by the operator logging-in toa mobile remote control or fork truck 186, as described with respect toFIGS. 4-6. Utilizing the unique login, a check is made to determinewhether the operator attempting to use the mobile remote control or forktruck has been properly trained or certified for the equipment and/orfor approved workflow protocol 188. Should the user not be properlytrained or certified 190, the login is denied and the system returns toprompt a login 186. However, if the login is accepted as indicatingproper user training or certification 192, the technique continues byawaiting trailer arrival at a given docking station.

When a trailer arrives at a docking station the system receives feedbackindicative of a change in operational state from the sensors disposed todetect trailer presence at the docking station 194. Specifically, thesensors communicate feedback 194 indicating a change in operationalstate from an absence of a trailer to a presence of a trailer.Responsive to trailer presence feedback 194, trailer restraints areinitiated 196 to secure the trailer against unauthorized trailer removalfrom the docking station. As such, the trailer restraints changeoperational states from disengaged to engaged 196. As previouslydescribed with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6, once the trailer restraints areactivated 196, FIG. 9, the user is provided with images, still or video,of the trailer restraints for user verification of proper restraintengagement 198. Once the user has verified proper restraint of thetrailer 198, the remotely controllable dock doors change operationalstates to be enabled 200. Specifically, the receiver/actuator connectedto the dock door is activated and await an activation signal from themobile remote control.

As previously described with respect to FIG. 3, the system monitors theposition of the mobile remote control with respect to a plurality ofpredefined activation zones and non-activation zones to determinewhether to allow or inhibit remote actuation of the dock door. It iscontemplated that restriction of dock door actuation may be achievedaccording to multiple techniques.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 9, a check is made to determine whetherthe mobile remote control is located in an activation zone 202. Thischeck 202 may be performed by either the mobile remote control orremotely by the receiver/actuator or a control system. In any case, ifthe mobile remote control is located outside of a predefined activationzone 204, dock door actuation is restricted 206. It is contemplated thatrestriction or inhibition of dock door actuation may be accomplished viamultiple techniques. Specifically, it is contemplated that the mobileremote control may not generate an activation signal unless located inan activation zone. Furthermore, if an activation signal is generated,the receiver/actuator may refuse to actuate in response to the receiptof an activation signal unless the signal originated from an activationzone, indicating the mobile remote control is located in an activationzone. Additional locking mechanisms may be utilized to secure the dockdoor against actuation and only release once the mobile remote controlis located in an activation zone and an activation signal is received.These techniques may be used individually or in combination to executeinhibition or restriction of the dock door against actuation 206.

Should the mobile remote control be located in an activation zone and anactivation signal is received 208, a check is made to determine whetherto accept the activation signal 210. Specifically, though the activationsignal is properly generated as originating from an activation zone, thesystem may be configured to only respond to particular, user-specificactivation signals at a given dock door. That is, it is contemplatedthat a given dock door located within a distribution center may beconfigured to only respond to certain user-specific activation signals,corresponding to the login 186, at particular times. Accordingly, a dockdoor may only be actuated by a particular user or users at a given time.Therefore, a given dock door is secured against accidental orunauthorized actuation by users or operators other than those designatedto control the given dock door. In accordance with one embodiment, it iscontemplated that only one user may be authorized for actuation of agiven door at a particular time. In this case, a user must logoff of themobile remote control before another user can be authorized to actuatethe dock door. This allows accurate tracking of events. In any case,should the activation signal not be accepted 212, the remote controldoors remain enabled but do not actuate 202. Accordingly, the systemawaits receipt of a proper activation signal from within an activationzone 202.

However, if an operational state is detected that allows dock dooractuation, the activation signal is accepted as generated by anauthorized user 214 and the dock door actuates 216. Once the dock doorcompletes the actuation operational state 216, the dock leveler isenabled 218. While it is contemplated that dock leveling may occur upondoor actuation 216, in a preferred embodiment, remote actuation of theleveler, as will be described, is required in order to accommodateloading or unloading of an end-loaded trailer. Accordingly, a check isthen made to determine whether the mobile remote control is located inan activation zone 220 and if not, the leveler is not allowed to actuate222. As such, the operator may be free to commence unloading or loadingof end-loaded materials or products. Once loading/unloading ofend-loaded materials or products is complete or if the trailer is notend-loaded, the operator may return to an activation zone to actuate theleveler. Specifically, once located in an activation zone 224, theleveler is actuated 226 and loading or unloading of the trailer maycommence or continue 228.

After the trailer is loaded or unloaded 228, the technique continues byfollowing trailer disengagement/disembarkment protocol. Specifically, acheck is made to determine whether the mobile remote control is againlocated in an activation zone 230. Again, the system may confirm thatthe mobile remote control now attempting to be utilized is the samemobile remote control that performed the docking/engagement protocol. Ifthe mobile remote control is located outside of a predefined activationzone 232, dock door actuation is inhibited 233 and the dock door doesnot close. However, should the mobile remote control be located in anactivation zone and an activation signal be received 234, a check ismade to determine whether to accept the activation signal 236. That is,though the activation signal is properly generated as originating froman activation zone, it is contemplated that the system may be configuredto only respond to particular, user-specific activation signals at agiven dock door. Should the activation signal not be accepted 238, theremote control doors remain enabled but do not actuate. Accordingly, thesystem awaits receipt of a proper activation signal from within anactivation zone 230.

However, if the activation signal is accepted as generated by anauthorized user 240, the dock doors actuate 242 and the trailerrestraints are released 244 such that the trailer may disengage ordepart the docking station. At this time, operation regarding thetrailer previously present at the docking station is complete and theuser may decide to logoff 246. If the user remains logged-in 248, thesystem is ready to accept another trailer 194. However, should the userlogoff 250, the technique ends 252 and another user may login to themobile remote control and operate the docking station.

Referring now to FIG. 10, the steps of a technique 254 for tracking theoperational state and operating efficiency of docking station componentsis shown. The technique starts 256 at the initiation of a given dockingstation workflow procedure. It should be recognized that the workflowprocedure is only illustrated for exemplary purposes but that the systemis designed to preclude operation of a subsequent component until acurrent component has completed operation in accordance with theworkflow procedure. Therefore, while FIG. 10 illustrates a particularembodiment of a docking station workflow procedure that is strictlymandated by the system, it is contemplated that the technique may besimilarly applied to other specific docking station workflow proceduresor that the illustrated docking station workflow procedure may beaugmented for a particular application.

The techniques starts 256 upon identifying the presence of a trailer atthe docking station and, if applicable, upon completion of an air-ridesuspension dump. The system then initiates a restraint timer 258. Thisrestraint timer is designed to monitor the efficiency of trailerrestraint procedures. Upon initiation 258, the restraint timer isincremented 260 and a check is made to determine whether feedback hasbeen received from the restraint system or systems indicating that thetrailer is properly restrained against disengagement from the dockingstation 262. If such feedback is not received 264, a determination ismade to check whether the restraint timer has surpassed a tolerancethreshold 266. Specifically, the threshold is a value selected to beindicative of a permissible delay associated with restraint engagementwith the trailer. Therefore, the threshold value is compared to thecurrent value of the restraint timer to determine whether the currentdelay in receiving feedback indicative of proper trailer restraint iswithin permissible efficiency constraints 266.

If the restraint timer is not greater than the threshold 268, indicatingthe current delay in receiving feedback indicative of proper trailerrestraint is tolerable, the system proceeds to increment the restrainttimer 260 and reiterate the check for feedback 262. However, if therestraint timer is greater than the threshold 270, indicating aninefficient delay in proper trailer restraint, an alert is sent to thedocking station manager or other personnel 272 informing of a delay thatis indicative of inefficient workflow operation and that may beindicative of an error in the docking station components comprising thetrailer restraint system. Following the transmission of the alert 272,the restraint timer is again incremented 260 and the system reiteratesthe check for feedback indicative of trailer restraint 262.

Once feedback indicative of trailer restraint is received 274, therestraint timer is stored 276 along with date, time, and location aswell as any other alert or user information associated with therestraint timer. Substantially simultaneously with saving the restrainttimer 276, a visual confirmation timer is initiated 278 and thenincremented 280.

A check is made to determine whether feedback has been received from themobile remote control or autonomous display system indicatingconfirmation that the trailer is properly restrained againstdisengagement from the docking station 282. If such feedback is notreceived 284, a determination is made to check whether the visualconfirmation timer has surpassed a tolerance threshold 286. Again, thethreshold is a value selected to be indicative of a permissible delayassociated with providing a visual verification indication of trailerpresence and/or restraint engagement. The threshold value is compared tothe current value of the visual verification timer to determine whetherthe current delay in receiving restraint verification feedback is withinpermissible efficiency constraints 286.

If the visual verification timer is not greater than the threshold 288,indicating the current delay in receiving restraint verificationfeedback is tolerable, the system proceeds to increment the visualverification timer 280 and reiterate the check for restraintverification feedback 282. However, if the visual verification timer isgreater than the threshold 290, indicating an inefficient delay inreceiving restraint verification feedback, an alert is sent to thedocking station manager or other personnel 292 informing of a delay thatis indicative of inefficient workflow operation and that may beindicative of an error in the docking station components comprising thetrailer restraint system or verification display. Following thetransmission of the alert 292, the visual verification timer is againincremented 280 and the system reiterates the check for restraintverification feedback 282. This process continues until visualverification feedback is received 294 whereby the visual verificationtimer, date information, time information, and location information aswell as any other docking station or user information is stored 296. Theprocess then continues as will be described with respect to FIG. 11.

Referring now to FIG. 11, the steps of a technique 254 for trackingoperating efficiency of docking station continue from FIG. 10. Thetechnique 254 continues with the initiation of a remote position timer298 configured to track the efficiency of the docking operator inreaching an activation zone for remote door actuation following visualverification of trailer restraint. The remote position timer isincremented 300 and a check for feedback indicating that the mobileremote control is located in an activation zone is performed 302.

If feedback indicating that the mobile remote control is located in anactivation zone is not received 304, a determination is made to checkwhether the mobile remote control position timer has surpassed atolerance threshold 306. That is, the threshold value is compared to thecurrent value of the mobile remote control position timer to determinewhether the current delay in receiving feedback indicating the mobileremote control has entered an activation zone, is within permissibleefficiency constraints 306.

If the mobile remote control position timer is not greater than thethreshold 308, the system proceeds to increment the mobile remotecontrol position timer 300 and reiterates the check for mobile remotecontrol position feedback 302. However, if the mobile remote controlposition timer is greater than the threshold 310, indicating aninefficient delay in locating the mobile remote control in an activationzone, an alert is sent to the docking station manager or other personnel312 informing of a delay that is indicative of inefficient workflowoperation and may be indicative of an error in docking stationcomponents. Following the transmission of the alert 312, the mobileremote control position timer is again incremented 300 and the systemreiterates the check for mobile remote control position feedback 302.This process continues until feedback indicating that the mobile remotecontrol has entered an activation zone is received 314. The mobileremote control position timer, date information, time information, andlocation information as well as any other docking station or userinformation is then stored 316 for later retrieval for efficiencyreports and alerts.

A door open timer is then initiated 318 and incremented 320. A check todetermine whether feedback indicating that the dock door has beenactuated is performed 322. If feedback indicating that the dock door hasnot been actuated is not received 324, a determination is made to checkwhether the door open timer has surpassed a tolerance threshold 326.Specifically, a threshold value is compared to the current value of thedoor open timer to determine whether the current delay in receivingfeedback indicating the doors have been actuated, is within permissibleefficiency constraints 326.

If the door open timer is not greater than the threshold 328, indicatingthe current delay in opening the dock door is tolerable, the systemproceeds to increment the door open timer 320 and reiterates thefeedback check 322. However, if the door open timer is greater than thethreshold 330, indicating an inefficient delay in opening the dock door,an alert is sent to the docking station manager or other personnel 332informing of a delay that is indicative of inefficient workflowoperation and may be indicative of an error in docking stationcomponents. Following the transmission of the alert 332, the mobileremote control position timer is again incremented 320 and the systemreiterates the check for door open feedback 322. This process continuesuntil feedback indicating door actuation is received 334. The door opentimer, date information, time information, and location information aswell as any other docking station or user information is then stored 336for later retrieval and processing for efficiency reports and alerts.

Following door actuation, the system may be configured to activate andengage a dock leveler 338 to level the docking station to the trailer.It is contemplated that a leveler timer may be utilized, incremented,checked and stored in a manner similar to the above-described timers.However, as such leveling may not be desirable in certain applications,such as end-loaded trailers or when utilizing an extendable conveyersystem, it is contemplated that the leveler timer may be bypassed.Additionally, it is contemplated that numerous other timers may beutilized to track the efficiency, such as jack placement andconfirmation timers, and provide real-time alerts regarding trailerdisembarkment/disengagement workflow protocol and other docking stationworkflows.

Accordingly, the system is configured to generate a wide range ofreports 340 using the information stored during the workflow or otherworkflows. For example, it is contemplated that the reports may includereal-time display of current distribution center, dock, and operatorefficiency, periodic efficiency information and composite distributioncenter, dock, and operator efficiency information. Further, the reportsmay include a comparison of a particular user's performance and/orefficiency to another user's performance and/or efficiency. Furthermore,the report may include a comparison of a user's current performanceand/or efficiency to that user's previous performance and/or efficiency.Some reports may be provided in real-time such as the efficiencyspectrum 120 described with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6. In any case,users, operators, and managers are provided with a wide variety ofinformation regarding the efficiency and compliance with workflowprotocols.

It is contemplated that the accuracy of reporting may be enhanced and/orsupplemented by utilization of the aforementioned interrupt and/orbypass functionality. That is, by allowing an operator to suspend orbypass portions of the workflow process under appropriate conditions,efficiency reports will accurately reflect unavoidable delays due toequipment failures or the like. For example, should an operator identifya damaged product, the operator may be permitted to suspend a giventimer by recording the identified error in order to correct the damagewithout being “penalized” in the report. Furthermore, operators may beable to bypass or “hand-off” certain procedures to allow for breaks orshift changes. Accordingly, such information may be included in theefficiency reports and allow a reviewer to more accurately understandthe circumstances affecting the efficiency of a given operator or classof operators or delays inherent in the approved workflow procedure.

Referring to FIG. 12, an illustration of one embodiment of an efficiencyreport 342 is shown. It is contemplated that the efficiency report 342be communicated as a GUI and transmitted across a communications networkor be a printed report. The efficiency report 342 includes a variety ofinformation and can be configured to augment the displayed efficiencyinformation to display other configurations or selected distributioncenters, docking stations, or operators.

In the illustrated embodiment, the efficiency report 342 utilizes theefficiency spectrum form of display, described with respect to FIGS.5-6. Accordingly, real-time or current efficiency levels 343 for theselected distribution center 344, docking station 346, and operators348, 350 are readily identifiable. Additionally, periodic efficiencylevels 351 are displayed over a user-designated period, for example, ofsix months. Specifically, the efficiency of the selected distributioncenter 352 and docking station 354 over the previous six months isdisplayed.

Furthermore, selected efficiency comparisons 356 may be generated usinga comparison engine (not shown) to aid in comparing more detailedefficiency information. For example, the efficiency tracking report 342includes a side-by-side comparison of current operator #1 efficiency 358with operator #1 efficiency over the prior six months 360. Accordingly,a manager can readily discern whether operator efficiency is increasing,decreasing, or ideal. Furthermore, the efficiency tracking report 342also includes current operator #2 efficiency 362 and composite operatorefficiency 364 to facilitate broader evaluations between operators.

The illustrated efficiency report 342 shows only one contemplatedembodiment and other reports and notifications are also contemplated. Itis contemplated that the efficiency report 342 may be alternativelyformatted for specific individuals such as individual operators ormanagement personnel. The illustrated efficiency report includes avariety of information 343-364 that is desirable to managementpersonnel. However, as stated, additional efficiency reports arecontemplated. For example, an efficiency report intended for review byan operator may only include information regarding the individualoperator and the performance of the operator with respect to previousperformance and to composite operator efficiency.

Therefore, a wide variety of information can be compiled andcommunicated regarding workflow operations and efficiency. Thisinformation can be utilized to streamline productions, cure defectiveprocedures, and ensure operational protocol is adhered to strictly.

Therefore, the present invention includes a loading dock remote controlsystem. The system includes a facility having at least one dock stationfor exchanging materials and a dock component configured to operate inat least two operational states. An actuator is included in the loadingdock remote control system that is configured to change the operationalstate of the dock component in response to an activation signal and amobile remote control is configured to generate the activation signal tocause the actuator to change the operational state of the dockcomponent. The loading dock remote control system also includes at leastone predefined non-activation zone wherein changing operational statesof the dock component is inhibited when the mobile remote control islocated within the at least one predefined non-activation zone.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a method of remotelycontrolling loading dock doors includes receiving a trailer at a dockingstation having a remotely controllable dock component and enablingremote activation of the remotely controllable dock component. Themethod also includes disabling remote activation of the remotelycontrollable dock component if an operator is located other than in apre-designated activation zone.

Another embodiment of the present invention includes a loading dockcomponent remote control system. The system includes a facility having aplurality of trailer positions, each trailer position having a dockthereat and a dock component positioned at each dock and configured tobe activated permit and restrict access to and from the distributioncenter from the dock. The loading dock component remote control systemalso includes an actuator configured to actuate the dock component and areceiver configured to cause the actuator to actuate the dock componentin response to an activation signal. Also, the loading dock componentremote control system includes a mobile remote control configured togenerate the activation signal and having an operable range about thereceiver and at least one predefined non-activation zone within theoperable range, wherein actuation of the dock component is disabled ifthe mobile remote control is located within the at least onenon-activation zone.

The present invention has been described in terms of the preferredembodiment, and it is recognized that equivalents, alternatives, andmodifications, aside from those expressly stated, are possible andwithin the scope of the appending claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A distribution center authorization apparatus foruse in a distribution center having at least one dock for exchangingmaterials with a respective trailer comprising: a remote controlconfigured to receive an authorization input and generate an associatedactivation signal, wherein the authorization input is at least one of amobile equipment authorization and a user identification input; and atleast one dock component located at the dock and configured to actuatein response to the associated activation signal.
 2. The apparatus ofclaim 1 further comprising a central hub programmed to monitor and trackthe progress of the remote control through a workflow protocol.
 3. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the mobile equipment authorization is aforklift.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the user identificationinput utilizes at least one of a login, a password, and a pass-card. 5.The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the remote control is inhibited fromgenerating an activation signal when a user identification inputidentifies a user as not having necessary training.
 6. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein the remote control is a mobile remote control.
 7. Theapparatus of claim 6 where in the mobile remote control is one of apersonal wearable device (PWD), personal digital assistant (PDA), and alaptop computer system.
 8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the mobileremote control is configured to be mounted on the mobile equipmentauthorization.
 9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the mobile remotecontrol is configured to track its present location and determinewhether the mobile remote control is located in an activation zone. 10.The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the mobile remote control onlygenerates an activation signal when the mobile remote control determinesthe mobile remote control is located in the activation zone.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the dock component is at least one ofvehicle restraint, dock door, and dock leveler.
 12. A workflowauthorization system for use in a distribution center having at leastone dock with at least one docking component to exchange materials witha respective trailer comprising: a controller configured to receive anauthorization and generate an activation signal; a central processingcenter programmed with a docking operation workflow procedure andconfigured to monitor and track a position of the controller; anactuator configured to change the operational state of the dockcomponent in response to controller position and the activation signal.13. The system of claim 12 wherein the authorization is at least one ofan vehicle authorization and a user identification.
 14. The system ofclaim 13 wherein the vehicle authorization is an identification of aspecific fork truck.
 15. The system of claim 13 wherein the useridentification utilizes at least one of a user login, a user password,and a user pass-card.
 16. The system of claim 15 wherein a user isauthorized to use the controller if the user identification indicatesthe user is properly trained for given equipment according to thedocking operation workflow procedure.
 17. The system of claim 12 whereinthe dock component is one of a trailer restraint, dock door, and dockleveler.
 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller is a mobileremote control.
 19. The system of claim 18 wherein the mobile remotecontrol is one of a personal data assistant (PDA), a personal wearabledevice (PWD), and a portable computer.
 20. The system of claim 18wherein the central processing center is configured to determine theposition of the mobile remote control relative to an activation zoneabout the at least one dock.
 21. The system of claim 20 wherein theactivation signal is inhibited from changing the operational state ofthe dock component if the mobile remote control is located outside theactivation zone.
 22. The system of claim 12 wherein the centralprocessing center restricts docking operation workflow procedure until aprevious step of the docking operation workflow procedure is completed.23. A method restricting control of at least one dock component to aparticular user via a remote controller comprising: logging in to theremote controller using an authorization input; generating an actuationsignal from the remote controller based on the authorization input; andactuating the at least one dock component of a specific dock station inresponse to the activation signal from the remote controller.
 24. Themethod of claim 23 wherein the authorization input is one of anequipment authorization and a user identification input.
 25. The methodof claim 23 further comprising inhibiting an operator from operatingequipment if the user identification input indicates the operator doesnot have a correct level of training.
 26. The method of claim 23 furthercomprising inhibiting the activation signal when the remote controlleris not located in an activation zone.